How Do Solar Panels Work?

Solar panels work by harvesting the sun’s energy and converting it into electricity. Read more to learn how your solar energy system connects to your home and integrates with your existing electricity infrastructure.

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How Solar Panels Work

Solar panels work by letting photons from the sun’s rays knock electrons free from atoms inside of photovoltaic cells (pv cells) to generate a flow of electricity. Each panel is composed of many solar cells linked together (typically 60 or 72). Each cell contains a positive and negative layer that combine to form an electrical field in which energy is created.

Phosphorus inside the top silicon layer creates the negative charge, while boron in the bottom layer provides the positive charge. The two fields interact with one another to turn the sun’s rays into the energy that flows from your panels to your inverter.

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How Does Solar Energy Work?

A Step-By-Step Guide:

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Step 1: Sunlight Activates Panels and Cells Produce Electrical Current
Sunlight hits the layers of your solar panels, and photons and electrons interact to create an electrical current.

Step 2: The Electrical Energy is Converted
The electrical current flows from the panels down to your solar inverter, which converts the energy generated from your panels (DC) into usable energy for your home (AC).

Step 3: The Converted Electricity Powers Your Home
The AC energy flows from the inverter into your breaker box, which will then circulate it throughout your home.

Step 4: Unused Energy is Stored or Potentially Returned for an Energy Bill Credit
Any unused AC will flow back to your utility meter and remain available for consumption. In certain states, homeowners have the ability to return that unused AC back to the electric grid in the form of energy credits on their next power bill. This process is known as net metering in electricity generation.

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How Does Net Metering Work?

Net metering works to send any extra energy that your solar panel system produces back to the power grid, and you are credited for that energy at a 1 to 1 ratio (you get to sell it at the same price you buy it). Those credits can be used on future electric bills. Note that some utility companies do not offer net metering. Overall, this is a great incentive for solar energy use.

What Happens to Excess Energy?

To manage the excess energy, you can either store excess energy in a solar battery or use net metering to sell the energy back to the utility companies. During peak sunlight hours, your solar energy system can potentially produce more renewable energy than you need. Storing the remaining energy in a solar battery can help you have access to power during outages or allow you to power portions of your home during the night.

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Frequently Asked Questions

The Most Efficient Era of Solar Panels Yet

Solar panels become more sophisticated every year. In fact, modern technology has ushered in the most efficient era of solar panels the world has ever seen. These new panels convert at an astonishing rate of 21-22%, which not only allows them to generate more energy for your home – it also helps you potentially save more money!

More efficiency and lower production costs paint a bright future for solar energy. According to a 2019 report conducted by the International Energy Agency, solar power could potentially make up 60% of new renewable-based power capacity across the globe within the next five years.

Simply put, solar is here to stay because it works. Request a free quote today to see how it can work for you.

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